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HomeCommercial CodeDiv. 3Ch. 4§ 3402 Representative Signature Liability

§ 3402 Representative Signature Liability

Commercial Code·California
AI Summary·Official Text·Key Terms·Related Statutes·References
AI SummaryVerified

§ 3402 Representative Signature Liability

Key Takeaways

  • •If someone signs a paper for another person (like a boss or parent), the boss or parent has to follow what the paper says, just like if they signed it themselves.
  • •If the person signing writes their own name but is supposed to sign for someone else, they might have to pay if it’s not clear they were signing for someone else.
  • •If you sign a check for someone else (like your boss) and write your own name without showing you’re signing for them, you won’t have to pay if the check is from their account.

Example

Your mom asks you to sign a rental agreement for her new apartment, and you sign her name.

Your mom has to follow the rental agreement just like she signed it herself. If you sign your own name instead and it’s not clear you’re signing for her, you might have to pay rent if the landlord thinks you’re the one renting.

AI-generated — May contain errors. Not legal advice. Always verify source.

Official Source
View on CA.gov

§ 3402 Representative Signature Liability

(a) If a person acting, or purporting to act, as a representative signs an instrument by signing either the name of the represented person or the name of the signer, the represented person is bound by the signature to the same extent the represented person would be bound if the signature were on a simple contract. If the represented person is bound, the signature of the representative is the “authorized signature of the represented person” and the represented person is liable on the instrument, whether or not identified in the instrument. (b) If a representative signs the name of the representative to an instrument and the signature is an authorized signature of the represented person, the following rules apply: (1) If the form of the signature shows unambiguously that the signature is made on behalf of the represented person who is identified in the instrument, the representative is not liable on the instrument. (2) Subject to subdivision (c), if (A) the form of the signature does not show unambiguously that the signature is made in a representative capacity or (B) the represented person is not identified in the instrument, the representative is liable on the instrument to a holder in due course that took the instrument without notice that the representative was not intended to be liable on the instrument. With respect to any other person, the representative is liable on the instrument unless the representative proves that the original parties did not intend the representative to be liable on the instrument. (c) If a representative signs the name of the representative as drawer of a check without indication of the representative status and the check is payable from an account of the represented person who is identified on the check, the signer is not liable on the check if the signature is an authorized signature of the represented person. (Repealed and added by Stats. 1992, Ch. 914, Sec. 6. Effective January 1, 1993.)

Last verified: January 23, 2026

Key Terms

authorized signature of the represented personrepresentativerepresented personholder in due course

Related Statutes

  • § 3413 Acceptor'S Payment Obligation
  • § 4407 Bank Payment Error Recovery
  • § 9403 Assignment Claim Enforcement
  • § 10401 Lease Performance Assurance Rights
  • § 10402 Lease Contract Repudiation Rights

References

  • Official text at leginfo.legislature.ca.gov
  • California Legislature. Commercial Code. Section 3402.
View Official Source