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HomeFinancial CodeDiv. 1.7Ch. 3§ 4978 Civil Liability Penalties

§ 4978 Civil Liability Penalties

Financial Code·California
AI Summary·Official Text·Key Terms·Related Statutes·References
AI SummaryVerified

§ 4978 Civil Liability Penalties

Key Takeaways

  • •If a company breaks these rules, they have to pay you back for any real harm they caused you, plus your lawyer fees.
  • •If they break the rules on purpose, they have to pay you at least $15,000 or your actual damages (whichever is bigger), plus lawyer fees.
  • •If a loan contract has bad terms that break these rules, that part of the contract can be fixed or thrown out by a court.
  • •The court can also make the company pay extra money to punish them if they did something really bad.

Example

You take out a car loan, and the contract says you have to pay a huge extra fee that isn’t allowed by this law.

You can take the company to court. The court can say that extra fee part of the contract doesn’t count, make them fix the contract, and make them pay you back for any trouble they caused. If they knew the fee was illegal and did it anyway, they might have to pay you at least $15,000.

AI-generated — May contain errors. Not legal advice. Always verify source.

Official Source
View on CA.gov

§ 4978 Civil Liability Penalties

(a) A person who fails to comply with the provisions of this division is civilly liable to the consumer in an amount equal to any actual damages suffered by the consumer, plus attorneys fees and costs. For a willful and knowing violation of this division, the person shall be liable to the consumer in the amount of fifteen thousand dollars ($15,000) or the consumers actual damages, whichever is greater, plus attorneys fees and costs. (b) (1) If a provision in a contract in a covered loan violates subdivision (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), or (i) of Section 4973, Section 4979.6, or Section 4979.7, that provision is unenforceable. A court in which any action is brought by, or on behalf of, an aggrieved consumer for relief may issue an order or injunction to reform the terms of the covered loan to conform to the provisions of this division. (2) A court may, in addition to any other remedy, award punitive damages to the consumer upon a finding that such damages are warranted pursuant to Section 3294 of the Civil Code. (c) Nothing in this section is intended, nor shall be construed, to abrogate existing common law provisions prohibiting double recovery of damages. (Amended by Stats. 2001, Ch. 733, Sec. 6. Effective January 1, 2002. Applicable, by Sec. 10 of Ch. 733, only to covered loans applied for on or after July 1, 2002.)

Last verified: January 23, 2026

Key Terms

injunctioncontractdamagesremedycivil codepunishmentviolationaddition

Related Statutes

  • § 14209 Commissioner Enforcement Actions
  • § 23051 Commissioner Enforcement Authority
  • § 23064 Consumer Injury Damages Recovery
  • § 23061 Deferred Deposit Overcharge Penalties
  • § 12105 Commissioner Enforcement Actions

References

  • Official text at leginfo.legislature.ca.gov
  • California Legislature. Financial Code. Section 4978.
View Official Source